The Joined Kingdom is a constitutional democracy parliamentary and one monarchy with queen Elizabeth II as the state head. The dependences of the crown of consoles of the narrow channel and isle of the man, formal possessões of the crown, are not part of the Joined Kingdom but they give to form to a federacy with it.[11 ] that the Joined Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories, [ 12 ] all the remaining portions of the British empire, that in its height one room of the surface of the land of the world almost enclosed, making it the empire the greater in history. As a direct result of the empire, influence of English can be observed in infrastructure, the culture, the preferences exhibiting and the language of other main countries including Australia, Canada, New Zelândia, India, Africa of the South, and the United States of America as.well.as in independent states more less global influential. Queen Elizabeth II remains the head of the community of the nations and head of state of the kingdoms of the community. The Joined Kingdom is a developed country, with fifth or sixth the economy the greater depending on source.[13 ] the Joined Kingdom was the power foremost of the world during 1ø and early 20o century, [ 14 ] but the economic cost of two wars of world and the decline of its empire to last half of 20o the century diminished its main paper in global cases. The Joined Kingdom not obstante holds back the economic, cultural influence, to militate and significant politics and is a nuclear power, with the second expenditure of the most raised defense in the world. It arrests a permanent seat in the joined advice of security of the nations, and is a member of the G8, NATO, the européia union and the community of the nations. England and Scotland had existed as separate independent states sovereign and with its proper monarchs and structures politics since ø century. A time that principality independent of wales fell under the control of monarchs English of statute of Rhuddlan in 1284. Under acts of union 1707, England (wales including) and Scotland, that had been in the personal union since the union of the crowns in 1603, agreed to an union politics to the form of a kingdom unified of great Britain.[15 ] that the act of union 1800 joined the kingdom of Grâ Britain with the kingdom of Ireland, that had been brought gradually under an English control between 1541 and 1691, to give form to the Joined Kingdom of Grâ Britain and of Ireland ] in independence 1801.[16 for the free state irish in 1922 had previously followed the thick partition wall of the console of Ireland two years, to the six of the nine counties of the province of Ulster remain inside of the Joined Kingdom, that moved then to the current name in 1927 of the Joined Kingdom of Grâ Britain and Ireland.[17 of the north ] Grâ Britain fêz one has broken important in the age of enlightenment with philosophical and scientific entrance and a literary and theatrical tradition. On the following century the Joined Kingdom played an important paper in developing occidental ideas of the democracy parliamentary with significant contributions to literature, the arts and science.[18 ] the industrial return Join-lead Kingdom had transformed the country and had supplied the British empire. During this time, as great others poders, the Joined Kingdom was involved in the colonial exploration, including the commerce of the slave, when the ticket of commerce act 1807 slave fêz to the Joined Kingdom the first country to forbid the commerce in the slaves. In 1ø century, the country played an important paper in the development of the democracy parliamentary, in part with emergence of a system of the multi-left one. In the end of the age of Victorian the Joined Kingdom lost its industrial leadership, particularly to the German empire, that surpassed the Kingdom Joined in the industrial production and the commerce in 1890s, and to the United States. Grâ Britain remained an eminent power and its empire expanded its maximum size per 1921, gaining the league of previous colonies of the German and ottoman of the excess of the mandate of the nations after world.war.i. After world.war.i, the first international net transmitting large-scale of the world, the BBC, was created. In 1924 the movement labour of the country, that has gained the force since 1890s been slow, gave form to the first government of the work. Grâ Britain fought Nazi Germany in the Second World War I, with its allies of the community including Canada, Australia, New Zelândia, Africa of Sul and India, to be joined later by allies more you add such as the United States. Winston leader Churchill of wartime and its pacific successor Atlee clement helped to create the world to post-war as the part "of the three great ones". The Second World War I left the Joined Kingdom damaged financial. The loans removed during and after the Second World War I of Canada and the United States were economically expensive but, together with dae (automatic device of entrance) to post-war of marshall, the Joined Kingdom started the road to the recovery. The years to post-war immediate turn the establishment the well-being state and of the British of services of public health of the first world and the detailed majority, when the demands of a economy recouping had brought peoples of the community to create a Grâ Britain multi-ethnic. Although the limits to post-war new of the paper politician of Grâ Britain were confirmed by the crisis of Suez of 1956, the international propagation of the language meant the impact continuing of its literature and culture, when at the same time of 1960s its popular culture found the influence in the exterior. After a period of stagnation economic and strife industrial in 1970s one downturn economic after global, 1980s turns inflow of substantial incomes of the oil, and premiership of Margaret Thatcher, under who it had a rupture marked with the consensus economic politician and to post-war. Its supporters credit it with the economic success, but its critics make responsible it for a greater social division. Of 1997 onward one, these trends of the growth had mostly continued under the leadership of Blair tony. The end of 20o century testified a main change to the government of the Kingdom Joined with devolution the Scotland and wales that they make examination of the effect in 1999. The creation of parliament scottish devolved in the detail, with poders legislate on a wide scale of editions, is starting to add to the differences between the countries constituent of the Joined Kingdom. So-called brought to the front the question occidental person of Lothian that is a complaint that devolution for Scotland and wales but not England críe a situation where MPs in parliament BRITISH can vote in the substances that affect alone England but in those same Scotland substances and wales can make its proper decisions. In 2007, the SNP gained the elections scottish of parliament and gave form to a government of minority. New prime minister, Alex Salmond, hopes to arrest a referendum in independence scottish before 2011, even so the SNP can be incapable to start an account to arrest such referendum approved for parliament scottish due to position of minority of the SNP government. If a referendum was arrested, a voting of opinion in 2007 been slow suggested that the result could be end because the sustentation for independence had reached 40% with retention having supported of only 44% of the Union.[21 ] that the Joined Kingdom is one monarchy constitutional with Elizabeth II, queen of the Joined Kingdom of Grâ Britain and Ireland of the North, as the state head; monarch of the Joined Kingdom serves as the state head others of fifteen countries of the community, putting the Joined Kingdom in a personal union with those other states. The Joined Kingdom has a government parliamentary based in strong democratic traditions: the system of Westminster was emulated around world - one legacy of the British empire. Constitution of the Joined Kingdom governs the legal structure of the country and consists of the biggest part in written sources, including statutes, the law of case done judge, and treated international. Because it does not have no difference technique between statutes usual and law considered to be "a constitutional law," parliament British can execute "the constitutional reform" simply passing acts of parliament and has thus the power to almost all change or abolish the written element or unwritten of constitution. However, none parliament can pass the future laws that parliaments cannot change.[22 ] that the Joined Kingdom is one of the three countries in the world today that does not have one constitution codified (the others two that they are Nova Zelândia and Israel).[23 ] the position of the main minister, the head of the Joined Kingdom of government, belongs to the current leader of the political party who can get the one confidence plurality in the common land house. The main minister and its closet are pointed formal by monarch to give to form to the government of its majesty. However, the main minister chooses the closet, and for the convention, the queen respects the choices of main minister. The closet is extracted traditional of the members of the party of main minister in both the legislative houses, and the biggest part of the common land house, the one that is responsible. The executive is exercised by the main minister and for the closet, everything of who privy most honorable of its is juries in the advice majesty, and seats well in ministers of the crown. Gordon bronzes, leader of the party labour, was main minister, first gentleman of the Treasure-house and minister for the civil service since 27 June 2007. Parliament of the Joined Kingdom that if finds with in the palace of Westminster, is the final legislative authority in the Joined Kingdom. Parliaments devolved in Scotland, wales and Ireland of the North, had been established after aprovaçã0 public as expressed in it authenticates them, but in accordance with the doctrine of sovereignty parliamentary, these could abolished for parliament BRITISH. Parliament is composed of the queen and two houses: one marries of common lands elect and a house of gentlemen pointed. Each member in the common land house is chosen by simple plurality in an electoral circle; the general elections are called by monarch when the main minister recommends thus. Parliament does not have no minimum term for one, but a new election must be called inside five year the last general election. The main political parties of Joined Kingdom three are the liberal party labour, party conservative, and democrats. Other parties such as the democratic party of unionist, the national party scottish, Plaid Cymru, social the democratic party and labour, the hold of the party, and the Sinn Féin of unionist of Ulster (of Ireland of the North) more of the remaining seats in the house. In accordance with the politics of the party, no member of Sinn elect Féin of parliament always took care of to the common land house to say in the house on behalf of its constituents as the members of parliament are required to make examination of an oath of allegiance to monarch. However, the five current Sinn Féin MPs has since that 2002 had used the offices and other available easinesses in Westminster.[25 ] the Joined Kingdom is composed of four countries constituent: England, Scotland, wales, and Ireland of the North (consulted to the times as to the nations home in contexts exhibiting.) Last the three have each one legislature devolved, unicameral and its proper executive, lead for prime minister. Parliament scottish wide has poders legislative varying on all the substance that ' will not be reserved specifically ' to parliament BRITISH, including the instruction, healthcare, the law of Scots and the local government. After the 2007 elections, Alex Salmond, leader of the national party scottish, seated well in prime minister of Scotland. Each nation is subdivided for the purposes of the local government. Historicamente, the four nations had been divided in counties and parishes as areas for purposes of the local government. Although these are used still to some extension for this purpose and as geographic areas, they are not longer the only base for the administration of local government. The subdivisões of the superior-upper-tier of England, are the nine regions intermediate-level of the government office. Each region is composed of the counties and unitárias areas of the authority, aside remark of London, that consists of boroughs of London. Although in a point if it intends that these regions would be given its proper elect regional sets, the future of the plant is uncertain following a rejection, for the referendum, of a set considered in the region of the east north. The queen points Senhor-Tenente as its personal representative in areas of lieutenancy through the Joined Kingdom; this is little more of the one than a ceremonial paper. The following table detaches the arrangements for the local government, the areas of lieutenancy and the cities through the nations home: The crown has sovereignty on isle of the man and bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey. Collectively, these three territories are known as the dependences of the crown, possessed lands for monarch British but not part of the Joined Kingdom. They are not part of the européia union. However, parliament of the Joined Kingdom has the authority legislate for the dependences, and the British government controls its extrangeiros cases and defense. The Joined Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories around the world, the last remaining territories of the British empire. The overseas territories are not considered part of the Joined Kingdom, but in the majority of cases, the local populations have citizenship British and the right to the domicile in the Joined Kingdom. This was the case since 2002. The committee appellate of the house of gentlemen (consulted generally only, as "the house of gentlemen") is the cut the most raised in the criminal land for cases and civilians in England, wales, and Ireland of the North, and for civil cases in the law of Scots. The recent changes constitutional summer poders of the house of transference of the gentlemen to new one cut supreme of the joined Kingdom.[28 ] in England and wales, the cut system is directed by the cut of judicature supreme of England and wales, consisting of the cut of appeal, the cut of high justice (for civil cases) and of the cut of the crown (for cases criminal). In Scotland the main cuts are the cut of the session, for civil boxes, and the cut high of justiciary, for cases criminal, when the cut of sheriff will be the equivalent scottish of the county cut. The Joined Kingdom is a permanent member of the joined advice of security of the nations, a member of the G8 and NATO, and a state of member of the européia union. The Joined Kingdom has "a special relationship" with the United States. Europe and U. And aside remark, the allies next to Grâ Britain include nations of the community, English republic of Ireland and other talkative countries. The global presence and the influence of Grâ Britain are amplified more more through its relations negotiating and of its Armed Forces, that keep eighty approximately military installations and other distributions around globe.[29 ] the joined kingdom of Grâ Britain great e of ireland of the north is in Europe occidental person. It understands the console of Grâ Britain (more than England, of Scotland and wales) and one-sixth northeast of the console of Ireland (Ireland of the North), together with lesser consoles. The lies of mainland between the latitudes 49° and 59° N (the consoles of Shetland reach 61° N almost), and the longitudes 8° W 2° E. The real observatory of Greenwich, close to London, is the point defining of the prime meridian. The Joined Kingdom approximately has a total area of the kilometers 245,000.square (94,600.sq.mi). The Joined Kingdom meets enters the Atlantic Ocean north and the sea north, and inside comes close of 35.kilometres (22.mi) of the coast the northwest of France, of that he is separate for the English narrow channel. Ireland of the North shares (224.mi) of a limit of the land 360-kilometre with the republic of Ireland. The narrow channel tunnel ("Chunnel") now binds the Kingdom Joined with the France below of the English narrow channel. The geography of Scotland is varied, with plains in the south and the east and highlands in the north and for the west, including Ben Nevis, the the most raised mountain in isles British in 1,344.metres (4,409.ft). It has arms, firths, and lochs long and deep-sea. It almost has eight one hundred consoles in Scotland, mainly occidental person and in north of mainland, notàvelmente the Hebrides, the consoles of Orkney and the consoles of Shetland. In the total, they is esteem that the Joined Kingdom includes a thousand ] around wales islands.[30 is in the biggest mountainous part, to be peak the most raised Snowdon (year Wyddfa) in 1,085.metres (3,560.ft) above of the level of the sea, however wales south is more less mountainous of the one than the north and wales mid. The north of mainland is the console of Anglesey (Ynys Môn). In the distance greatest between colon in mainland BRITISH of Grâ Britain he is 1,350.kilometres (840.mi) enters the extremity of the land in Cornwall (close of Penzance) and the John O'Groats in Caithness (close to Thurso), a trip of two days for the car. When measured directly north-south one is 1,100.kilometres exceeding small (700.mi) in the length and is a fraction under 500.kilometres (300.mi) in its widest one. The Joined Kingdom has a climate temperate, with rainfall abundant all the round year. The temperature varies with the stations but it leaves to rare fall below de?10.°C (14.0.°F) or of ascensions above of 35.°C (95.°F). The wind prevailing is southwestern, to load frequent spells of the soft and wet time of the Atlantic Ocean. The eastern parts are protected more of this wind and are consequently more the droughts. The chains atlantic, warm for the stream of gulf, bring soft winters, special in the west, where the winters are wet, special high land of the excess. The summers are warmest in the south east of England, being next to mainland European, and coolest in the north. Snowfall can occur in the winter and in the advanced spring, even so away of the high land is established rare to the great depth. A européia measure of the union of urbanisation, the bigger urban zone is a definition harmonised of the area metropolitan. The objective of Eurostat was to have an area of that one has left significant of the residents commutes in the city, a known concept as "the functional urban region". To assure the good availability of data, Eurostat works with administrative limits that approach the functional urban region. Located because they are in a group of the consoles close to continental Europe, the lands that constitute now the Joined Kingdom had been historicamente citizens to the invasions and the migrations, special of Scandinavia and the European continent - including the occupation roman per centuries. The current day British is gone down mainly of the varied ethnic supply that if estabeleciu there before the tenth first century. The influences pre-pre-Celtic, celtic, roman, anglian-Saxon, and of norse had been mixed in Grâ Britain under the Normans, Scandinavian Vikings that had lived in France of the north (Normandy). Since 1945, the international bows forged by the British empire had contributed to immigration substantial, special of Africa and 3sul of Asia, and, more recently, the ascension of new members of I in 2004 had supplied more immigration of continental Europe. As of 2001, 7.9%[37 ] of the BRITISH population identified as one minority ethnic. The figures had published in August 2007 indicate that 682,940 peoples if had applied to the project of the register of the worker (for nationals of the European states eastern central offices and that had joined I in May 2004) between 1 31 May 2004 and June 2007, of who 656,395 were accepted.[55 ] the workers and the peoples self-employed that they are not working (students including) are not required to registar thus under the project that this figure represents a lower limit in inflow of immigration. These figures do not indicate the number of immigrants that since they have returned for house, but 56% of the candidates in the 12 30 months that finish June 2007 told the planning to the sojourn for a maximum of three months, with liquid migration in 2005 of the new states of I that are in 64,000.[40 ] even so the Kingdom Joined of swear do not have an official language, the said language predominant are English, a language germanic occidental person descending of the old English that characterizes a great number old loans of norse and of the Norman. The other aboriginal languages of the Joined Kingdom are Scots (that pròxima to the English is related) and the languages celtic to insular. The last fall in two groups: the P-p-Celtic languages (Welshman and cornish); e the Q-q-Celtic languages (gaelic irish and scottish and Manx). The influences dialectal celtic of Cumbric had persisted in England of the north per centuries, most famous in an original game of the used numbers counting sheep (it sees Yan Tan Tethera). The English language spread through the world (mostly had to the British empire) and changedded thus the language of business of the world. Worldwide, is taught as one second language more of the one than some other.[57 ] the languages celtic of the Joined Kingdom is said by small groups around the globe, mainly gaelic in New Escócia, in Canada, and Welshman in Patagonia, Argentina. The languages immigrant constitute stop up to 10% of the population of the Joined Kingdom, French are said by 2.3% of the population of the country, 1,0% of British say the polisher that reflects the recent massive migration to the Joined Kingdom. 0.9% of the population of the Joined Kingdom say to the German and the 0,8% Spaniard. The majority of other said extrangeiras languages in the Joined Kingdom originates from Europe, Asia and Africa. A great percentage of immigrants to the Joined Kingdom comes of the countries anglophone (such as Nigéria, Jamaica, Hong.kong and the Phillipino), that it is because does not have a diversity much enters some of the ethnic communities of minority of the country. When the Joined Kingdom will have a long tradition of christianity and a linking between the church and the state still remains, in the practical o Joined Kingdom is a secular society predominantly with only 38%[58 ] that it proclaims an opinion in a god. The peoples identify themselves with religion in the Kingdom Joined for cultural and the religious reasons and this are reflected by disparity enter the figures for that they proclaim an opinion in a god and those that are identified with a particular religion. Christianity has the number the greater of the adherent one followed by Islam, hinduism, for Sikhism and judaism. The English church cracked of Rome in 1534, during the kingdom of Henry VIII of England (it sees reformation English). Today, the church of England is the church christian officially established in England and the senior branch office of communion anglican worldwide. Monarch British is required to be a member of the church of England under the act of establishment 1701 and is the supreme regulator. Senior bishop of the church of England is archbishop of Canterbury. The church of Scotland (known informal as the Kirk) broke with the church catholic roman in 1560 (it sees Calvinism and reformation scottish). Today presbyterian is a church, recognized as the national church of Scotland, and nao subjects to the control of the state. Monarch British is an usual member, and is required to swear that an oath "defends the security" of the church in coronation. The episcopal church scottish, that anglican is part of communion, date of the final establishment of Presbyterianism in Scotland in 1690. Ones splits more you add in the church of Scotland, special in the tenth nineth century, had lead to the various creation of to other churches presbyterian in Scotland, including the free church of Scotland. In 1920s, the church in wales was separate of the church of England and became disestablished (it lost its status as the religion of the state). However the church in wales remains in communion anglican. Independent Methodism and other churches are traditional forts in wales. The church of ireland anglican was disestablished in the tenth nineth century. It has covered the entire console of Ireland (Ireland of the North and the republic of Ireland). In Ireland of the North the church catholic in Ireland is the only denomination the greater, even so protestants is in the total majority. The church presbyterian in Ireland is the denomination protestant the greater and is in the terms of theology and history on pròxima to the church of Scotland the church catholic roman is the second denomination the greater of christianity in the Joined Kingdom. After reformation protestant, the strict laws had been passed of meeting to catholics; these had been removed by the laws catholic of emancipation in 1829. Catholic for England has separate hierarchies and wales, Scotland and Ireland. The English had started the industrial return, and, as the majority of countries industrialising in that time, had initially concentrated it in Heavy Industries Ltd. such as shipbuilding, the mining of coal, the steel production, and textiles. The empire created a overseas market for British products, allowing that the Joined Kingdom dominates the international trade in 1ø century. However, while other nations industrialised, connected to economic decline after two wars of world, the Joined Kingdom had started to lose its competitive advantage and heavy industry had declined, for degrees, during all 20o century. The sector of British service, however, grew substantially, and makes above approximately 73% GDP.[70 now ] the British sector of manufacturing, however, diminished extremely, relative to the economy to all, since the Second World War I. It is still a significant part of the economy, but only explained one-sixth of the national exit in 2003.[73 ] the British industry of engine is a significant part of this sector, even so it diminishes with the collapse of the vagabond of magnesium and the majority of the industry is extrangeira possessed person. The civil production and of the defense of the airplane is lead by the aerospace firm the greater of the Joined Kingdom, by systems of BAE, and the européia firm continental EADS, proprietor of Airbus. Rolls-Royce-Royce arrests a main part of global the aerospace market of the engines. The chemical and pharmaceutical industry is strong in the Joined Kingdom, with the world in second and sixth the firms pharmaceutical the greaters (GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca, respectively)[74 ] being based in the Joined Kingdom. The participation of the government during all the economy is exercised by the chancellor of exchequer (currently dear of Alistair) that dirige the Treasure-house of HM, but the main minister (currently brown of Gordon), is first gentleman of the Treasure-house; the chancellor of exchequer is as the gentleman of the Treasure-house. However since 1997, the bank of England, directed for the regulator of the bank of England, has the control of taxes of interest and the other politics monetary. The current currency of the Joined Kingdom is sterling of pound, represented for £ of the symbol that the bank of England is the central banking, responsible to emit the current currency. The banks in Scotland and Ireland of the North hold back the right to emit its proper notes, subject to hold back sufficiently note bank of England in the reserve to cover the edition. The Joined Kingdom chose not to join euro in the launching of the current currency, and the British brown of Gordon of the main minister governed for is of the society for the future foreseeable, dig that the decision not to join had been right for Grâ Britain and for Europe.[77 ] the government of the main minister previous Blair tony had promised to arrest a public referendum for the society if deciding if "five economic tests" they will be found with. In 2005, more of the one than the half (55%) of the Joined Kingdom they were of meeting to adopt the current currency, when 30% were ] in the instruction favour.[78 are a substance devolved and each one of the four countries constituent of the Joined Kingdom has a separate system of instruction, even so England, wales and Ireland of the North are very similar. The secretary of state for the instruction and the abilities is responsible to parliament for the instruction in England, even so the day to the administration of the day and to finance of state schools it is the responsibility of local authorities of the instruction. The sets in wales and Ireland of the North respectively have the responsibility for the instruction in wales and Ireland of the North. In Scotland, the secretary of the closet for the instruction and the learning lifelong is responsible to parliament scottish for the instruction, with day to the administration of the day and to finance of the state schools that are the responsibility of local authorities. The universal instruction of the state was introduced for the preliminary level in the 1870 and secondary level in 1900 (except in Scotland where it was introduced in 1696, ] sees the instruction in Scotland).[79 instructions is imperative of ages five the sixteen (15 if been born in July or behind August). A net of radial road of 46,904.kilometres (29,145.mi) of main roads is centered in London, in Edimburgo and in Belfast, whilst, in Grâ Britain, a net of motorway of 3,497.kilometres (2,173.mi) is centered in Birmingham, Manchester and London. 213,750.kilometres has ones more adds (132,818.mi) of paved roads. The national net of the track of 16.116 kilometers (10,072 miles) in Grâ Britain and 303.route.km (189 route.mi) in Ireland of the North daily loads on 18.000 trains of passenger and 1,000 trains of the freight. The urban nets of the track are developed well in London and other cities. Route.km (30,000 route.mi) of the net of the track in the Joined Kingdom had a time on 48.000, however the majority of this was reduced on a period of 1955 time the 1975, much of it after a report for a council member Richard Beeching of the government in 1960s mid (known as the axe of Beeching). The army, the navy and the Air Force are known collectively as the British Armed Forces (or Armed Forces of its majesty) and officially the Armed Forces of the crown. The commander-in-chief is monarch, queen Elizabeth II and is controlled for ministry of the defense. The Armed Forces are controlled for the defense advice, chaired for the head of the team of employees of the defense. It has forces of the reserve that support the regular Armed Forces. These include the army, real the naval reserve, the real reserve of the marines and the real Air Force territorial auxiliary. This puts total asset and approximately reserves the military staff of the duty in 429,500, unfolded inside on eighty countries. Despite the military potentialities of the Joined Kingdom, the recent politics pragmatic of the defense has an indicated assumption that "the operations exijindo" are undertaken as the one part coalition.[93 ] that it reserves the intervention in Sierra Lion, operations in the Bósnia, Kosovo, Afeganistão and Iraq could all done being examination as precedent. Certainly the last war where the British Armed Forces had fought alone was the war of falklands of 1982, where they were victorious. The health is a substance devolved and even so each one of the countries constituent of the Joined Kingdom has healthcare available its citizens who are free in the point of the necessity (being financed of taxation general), considerable differences if ] is becoming enters systems.[94 generally different though consulted as to the NHS through the Joined Kingdom, infact the England covers of the service of national health only with covering Scotland of NHS Scotland, wales of covering of wales of NHS and the department of the health, of social services and the public security supplying healthcare in Ireland of the North. The NHS is one of the organizations cohesive the greaters of the some types the world inside. With respect to the quality, in contrast in the United States and of other developed countries where independent of the groups of accreditation of the hospital of the central government is used, the BRITISH taking of the government in the paper of the suppliers of healthcare and in assessors of the quality of its delivery through the groups directly organized for departments of government, such as PLEASANT and the CHI. As many sports of the team, football is organized in a separate base for each one of the countries constituent of proper the Joined Kingdom and each one has its association of football, national team and system of the league. Football was developed in the Joined Kingdom and is confortavelmente the most popular sport. The nations home compete in international competitions because England, Scotland, wales and Ireland of the North and, consequentemente, the Joined Kingdom do not compete as an only team in events of football in the games olympic. However, it has proposals to have a BRITISH part of the taking of the team in the 2012 games olympic of the summer, that must be arrested in London. The English associations irish and of the north of football had confirmed the participation in this team when the FA scottish and Welshman FA to decline to participate, fearing that undermine its independent status of the sport. England was most succeeded of the nations home, gaining the cup of the world in 1966. Although it has separate systems of the league of football of the club in each country of the Joined Kingdom, some clubs play outside of the respective of its country for a variety of historical reasons and logistical system. The English system of the league of football includes the hundreds of leagues interlinked, consisting of thousand of the divisions. Premier Liga of the FA is in the high one, followed for the league of football and then for the conference of football, where the structure starts if to become regional and includes premier of the north League, league of the south, league of Isthmian and more additionally. The Premiership is the more-given league attention of football in the world and is particularly popular in Asia; in the People's Republic of China, the matches attract hearings of the television between 100 million and 360 million, more of the one than all the other extrangeiros clubs of sport.[95][96]The Welshman of the city of Cardiff, bay of Colwyn, Merthyr Tydfil, county of Newport, city of Swansea and Wrexham play in the English system. The system scottish of the league of football is very lesser, with only two national leagues: premier scottish Liga (SPL) and the league scottish of football that it has three divisions. It has, however, other regional leagues that are not connected to the national system, the more notàvelmente league of football of highland. An English club, rangers of Berwick, games in the system scottish. The system of the league of football of Welshman includes the regional league of wales and leagues. The league of the club of wales saints new plays its matches home in the English side of the side in Oswestry. The system irish of the north of the league of football includes the league irish of football. A club irish of the north, city of Derry, games its football is of the Kingdom Joined in the republic of the system of the league of football of Ireland. The Joined Kingdom is home to the clubs world-world-renowned of football, such as Liverpool, joined Manchester, Chelsea, and armory of England, and rangers and celtic of Scotland. The British teams had been successful in européias competitions including some that have become European winners of the league of the champions of Cup/UEFA: Liverpool (five times), Manchester was joined (two times), forest of Nottingham (two times), Villa of Asti, and celtic. More clubs of England had gained the cup European of that all the other country (four compared the three of Italy, Germany and the Netherlands). Moreover, thick England in second in all the list of trophies European of the club earned with 35, one of the time behind Italy 36. The proper européia competition of the cup was brought approximately had to the success of one another English club, Wolverhampton Wanderers, of meeting to the superior European sides[97 ] in 1950s. Stadium of Wembley of 90.000 capacities is stadium exhibiting main of the Joined Kingdom. Demolition of stadium ' of previous the twin towers enters and the construction of the new (finished in March 2007), stadium it millennium it to seater of Cardiff 73,000 served momentarily to this paper. Both the forms of rugby are national sports. The league of rugby originates from and is play generally in England of the north, whilst the union of rugby is play predominantly in wales, the Ireland, the Scotland, and England of the south. Supposed Though originating from the actions of William Webb Ellis in the school in rugby, now considers the national sport of wales. In the league of rugby the Joined Kingdom was represented by an only team ' of Grâ Britain ' but this will move for cup 2008 of the world of the league of rugby where separate Scotland, England and Ireland will compete as nations.[98 ] this brings it in the line with the union of rugby where England, Scotland, wales and Ireland (that it consists of players of the republic of Ireland and Ireland of the North) competes already in the international competition. However, each four years one has equipped British and irish of the lions journeys Australia, New Zelândia or Africa of the South, composed of the players selected of all the nations home. It does not have no team Join-wide Kingdom in the cricket. The game was invented in England and the team of the cricket of England, tècnica the team of England and wales, is the only national team in the Kingdom Joined with status of the test. The players irish and scottish had played for England because nor Scotland nor Ireland only have the status and the game of the test in one day Internationals. As of 2006, the teams that represent Scotland, England (and wales), and Ireland (Ireland of the North including) compete in the international level of Um-Dia. England and wales has one championship professional of the league where the teams of the county compete. The Joined Kingdom proved successful in the enclosure for bullfighting exhibiting international in lining up. It is considered extensively that rower most succeeded of the sport it is Steven Redgrave that gained five gold medals and a bronze medal in five consecutive games olympic as.well.as numerous victories in championships of the world and the Henley lining up real Regatta. The game of the tennis originated first from the city of the Joined Kingdom second of Birmingham between 1859 and 1865. Championships of Wimbledon each summer is international events of the tennis arrested in Wimbledon in south London and is considered as the most prestigious event of the global calendar of the tennis. To compete of the pure-blood is popular during all the Joined Kingdom. It originated under Charles II of England as the "sport Dos Reis" and is one pastime real to this day the races World-celebrities of the horse include national the great one, the Epsom Derby and real Ascot. The city of Newmarket is considered the center to compete English, mostly due to racecourse famous of Newmarket. The country is associated pròxima with motorsport. Many teams and drivers in formula one (F1) are based on the Joined Kingdom and in the drivers of Grâ Britain they had gained more headings of the world of that all the other country. The feet of the hosts of the country of the F1 and the world rally championship and have its proper championship to compete of car journeying, championship British of the car journeying (BTCC). The British great Prix occurs in Silverstone each July. The Joined Kingdom was influential in the development of the cinema, with the studios of Ealing that they demand to be the oldest studios in the world. Although one history of important and successful productions, the industry is characterized by a debate ongoing on its identity, and by the influences of the American and European cinema. The famous films include potter of Harry and the series bond of James de Ian Fleming who, even so made now for studios of American, used British materials of source, position, actors and group of the film. The contribution of Scotland includes the writer detective Arthur Conan Doyle, romantic literature for Mr. Walter Scott, the adventures epic of Robert Louis Stevenson and the commemorated poet Robert is burnt. More recently, the Hugh MacDiarmid and the Neil modernist and nationalists M. Gunn had contributed to the renaissance scottish. One outlook more grim is found in histories of Ian Rankin and the psychological horror-horror-comedy of banks of Iain. The capital of Scotland, Edimburgo, is city worldwide of first UNESCO's of literature. The authors of other nationalities, particularly of Ireland, or the countries of the community, had lived and worked in the Joined Kingdom. The significant examples with the centuries include Jonathan Swift, Wilde Oscar, to stoker of Bram, George Bernard Shaw, Joseph Conrad, T. S. Eliot and pound of Ezra, and the British authors more recently loaded in the exterior as Kazuo Ishiguro and Mr. Salman Rushdie. The BBC is corporation the radio of the Joined Kingdom, the television and of transmission public financed of the InterNet, and is the broadcaster the oldest and greater in the world. It operates diverse narrow channels of the television and stations of radio in the Joined Kingdom and the exterior. The service of international notice of the television of the BBC, BBC world, is transmission during the whole world and the net of the radio of the service of the BBC world is transmission in languages of thirty-three global. The house works of the BBC are financed by the license of the television, a legal requirement for all the British house with a television receiver that is in the use to receive transmissions, not obstante if or householders does not give attention to them to the BBC narrow channels. The houses that are the main residence of any person on 75 are exempt[102 ] and the requirement does not extend to the radio listeners. The radio of the service of the BBC world is financed by the extrangeiro and the office of the community and the stations of the television are operated by BBC worldwide in a commercial base of the subscript on the handle and services satellite. This half of forms of together UKTV with ways of virgin is this commercial arm of the BBC. It has five main narrow channels nationwide of the television in the Joined Kingdom: BBC one, BBC two, ITV1, canalize 4 and five - transmitted currently for analogous terrestrial, free-à-air signals with last the three financed narrow channels to announce advertising. The radio in the Joined Kingdom is dominated by the BBC radio, that operates ten national nets and on forty local stations of radio. The station of the most popular radio, for the number of the listeners, is the radio 2 of BBC, followed pròxima for BBC radio 1. It mainly has hundreds of local commercial stations of radio through the country that offers a variety of music or says formats. Popular music: Prominent the contributor BRITISH to the development of the music of the rock enters in 1960s and in 1970s it was the Beatles, rose Floyd, Eric Clapton, the rocks of rolling, lead Zeppelin, that, queen and black Sabbath. The metal weighed, the hard rock, the rock of punk and the new wave were between the variations that had followed. In 1980s advanced, the BRITISH bands of the romantic scene new such as Duran Duran, the modality of Depeche, ballet of Spandau, the soft stack and Ultravox were prominent. In 1990s, the music of the bands of Britpop and the electronica reached the international success. More recent acts of the PNF, including the Smiths, the oasis and the girls of the spice, had assured the continuation of the massive contribution of the Kingdom Joined to popular music. The Joined Kingdom is famous for the tradition "of British Empiricism", a branch office of the philosophy of the knowledge that it indicates that only the knowledge verified for the experience is valid. The most famous philosophers of this tradition are John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume. Grâ Britain is notable for a theory of the moral philosophy, Utilitarianism, used first for Jeremy Bentham and later for the mill of John Stuart, in its short work Utilitarianism (book). Other eminent philosophers of the Joined Kingdom include William de Ockham, of Thomas Hobbes, Jeremy Bentham, Bertrand Russell, Adam Smith and Alfred Ayer. The extrangeiros loaded philosophers who if estabeleciram in the Joined Kingdom include Isaiah Berlin, Karl Marx, Karl Popper, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. The projects notables of the civil engineering, whose the pioneers had included the kingdom Brunel de Isambard, had contributed national system railway of the transport of the world to the first one. Other open advances way in the Joined Kingdom include the chronometer, the television, the engine of spurt, the modern bicycle, lighting electric, the electric engine, the helix of the screw, the engine of internal combustion, the military radar, the electronic computer, vaccination and antibiotics marine. Academy real is been situated in London. Other main schools of the art include the school of Slade of the art; the university of the arts, London of the six-school, that includes the central college of Saint Martins of the art and the project and the college of Chelsea of the art and the project; the school of Glasgow of the art, and goldsmiths, university of London. This commercial risk is one of visual organizations foremost of the arts of Grâ Britain. Main the British artists include Mr. Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Gainsborough, constable of John, William Blake, J. M. W. Turner, William Morris, bacon of Francis, Lucian Freud, David Hockney, Gilbert and George, Richard Hamilton, Peter Blake, Howard Hodgkin, Antony Gormley, and Anish Kapoor. During 1980s and 1990s been slow, the gallery of Saatchi in London brought to the public attention the one group of the artists of multigenre that they would become known as the new British artists. Damian Hirst, Chris Ofili, Rachel Whiteread, Tracy Emin, Wallinger mark, Steve McQueen, Alfaiate-Madeira of the Sam, and brothers of chapman is flabbily enters the known members better of this movement affiliated. The flag of the Joined Kingdom is the flag of the known union generally as the "union jack". It was created by superimposition of the flags of England (cross of the St George) and of Scotland (cross of Saint Andrew), with the cross of Saint Patrick, representing Ireland, being added to this in 1801. The lion was used as a symbol of the Joined Kingdom; one is described behind Britannia in the part of 50 pence and one is shown crowned in the back part of the 10 part of pence. She is used as a symbol in the non-non-ceremonial flag of the British army. The lions had been used as the devices heraldic, including in the real arms of both the kingdoms of England, Scotland and kingdom of Gwynedd in wales. The lion is characterized in the emblem of the national team of football of England, causing the popular lions of it anthem three of football, and the national team of the cricket of England. The "three lions" in the English covering of arms were originally two leopards. An extra leopard was added by Richard the Lionheart and with the aid of its name, they had become known as three lions. They are extracted now to look at more as lions. The leopards are to meet traditional described for low since the lions were position extracted in all fours or raise in its feet hind that they attack, as in the lion scottish rampant. The British landscape, and special some of its distinctive flora such as the tree of the oak and the rose, has been for much extensively used time one proxy for the visual respresentação of the British identity. The red rose is the emblem of the party labour, of the national team of the union of rugby of England, of the union of football of rugby and Lancashire. ^ is affirmed to the times for those used ones to a legislative tradition that the "god excepto the King/Queen" is not it anthem national Real of the Joined Kingdom - or to the times that are they anthem national of of fact - because none law was passed always to saying that one that it is the case. In the Joined Kingdom, however, such laws are unnecessary; the custom, practical and proclamation are enough to establish it as it they anthem national officer. All twenty-seven states of member of the européia union are also members of the WTO in its proper right: Austria? Belgium? Bulgaria? Cyprus? Czech.Republic.? Denmark? Estónia? Finland.? France.? Germany.? Greece.? Hungria? Ireland.? Italy.? Latvia.? Lithuania.? Luxembourg.? Malta.? Netherlands.and Netherlands.Antilles.? Poland.? Portugal? Romania.? Slovakia.? Slovenia.? Spain.? Sweden.? Joined Kingdom.
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